Centipedes :: essays research papers

Did you know that one species of centipede can be a foot long? Thankfully, this type only lives in South America. Centipedes ar insect-like invertebrates. They ar usually reddish-brown in color, but can range in color from yellow to dark brown. Depending on the species, are between 3 and 30 centimeters long. A centipede has one pair of legs on each of its body segments. The head is flattened, with a pair of long antennae. They have jaws containing poisonous substance glands on their first body segment, directly behind their head. Centipedes can live for around six years. Most centipedes have very poor eyesight and are near blind. All centipedes have venom for paralyzing and killing prey. Small ones prey mainly on mild arthropods but large ones can tackle small lizards and baby mice. These creatures will eat other centipedes, earthworms, insects, spiders, and, if they are big enough, small birds, toads, and reptiles. Some centipedes have only 30 legs, but others can have up to 3 50. Besides walking, centipedes use their legs in some strange ways. They can use them to inject venom into their prey, to distract predators by dropping their legs off, or secrete chemicals which force back predators. This chemical enters predators when the centipede pierces the predators skin with its leg. A centipedes last pair of legs can be used like antennae to feel their way along when they are walking backwards. Centipedes are classified in the kingdom Animalia, the phylum Arthropoda, the class Chilopoda, the order Lithobiomorpha, and the family Lithobiidae. Some specific kinds of centipedes include the Lithobius fortificatus (garden centipede), Hemiscolopendra marginata (Florida blue centipede), the Gigantea robusta (Peruvian giant), and the Heros castaneiceps (Red headed). Centipedes are found almost anywhere, except for deep deserts and Polar Regions. No centipedes live in the water, although they are closely related to crustaceans like crabs. Centipedes also like to liv e in human houses, where they will live in dark and moist areas like closets, basements, and bathrooms. In a way, centipedes are almost like birds because if you disturb centipede eggs the begin centipede will abandon, destroy, or even eat her own eggs In the entire world, there are over 3,000 species of centipedes.

SWOT Analysis of Ryanair Holdings PLC Essay example -- business, case

This report is based on Ryanair Holdings PLC which was established in 1985. Ryanair obtains permission from the regulatory authorities to challenge the British Airways and Aer Lingus high f atomic number 18 duopoly on the Dublin-London route. Services are launched with two (46-seater) turbo prop BAE748 aircraft (Ryanair, ND). Ryanair Holdings PLC is an Ireland based airline which is the largest low fare airline with 32 bases & over 800 low fare routes across 26 countries, connecting 146 destinations. Ryanair fleets are made up of 196 Boeing 737-800 crafts with a seating capacity of 189 seats. Its aims are to deliver a further 102 aircrafts over the next 3 years. Ryanair currently employs much than 6,000 people and expects to carry over 67 zillion passengers this year. This report is giving me the chance to highlight Ryanairs strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats which they face now and in the near future. institutionStrengthsRyanair is known as Europes first low-cost, n o-frills airline company. This alone is one of the companys strongest selling points. It carries around 34 million passengers a year across 107 locations round Europe, totalling some 266 routes. The company has a guide market share on most UK and Ireland routes and around 43 part of all Dublin-London and 45 percent of all other Dublin passenger loads. The no-frills strategy resulted in the increase of customers and expansion of their operations, wherein the staff increased from an initial 57 to an amazing 3,400 staff and almost 37 million passengers. Ryanair has a strong military control strategy, which capitalizes on a number of key advantages fare-conscious leisure and business travelers, sales of one-way seats based on changing demand, the use of ... ...le to compete with this. Substitute transportation such as cars and high speed trains are also a threat as customers are getting luxury treatment also at a lower price. ConclusionRyanair has established leading position within the European low-cost airline business due to a effective business strategy and expansion plan. Nevertheless, its reliance on the UK and Irish market and lack of hedging pose considerable future risks.In order for Ryanair to survive in this current climate, they should increase prices to keep up with boost oil prices. BibliographyRyanair (ND). History of Ryanair, Available at http//www.ryanair.com/en/about. Accessed 11 November 2009. Guardian(2009). Lunatic bloggers can keep the blogosphere. Available at http//www.guardian.co.uk/media/pda/2009/feb/25/ryanair-socialnetworking. Accessed 11 November 2009.

Sports and the Business World Essay -- essays research papers

Sports and the Business World In the wide world of sports, team ups will try and find a way to conk out market themselves in the nation to make more revenue. There are many ways to market your team but in the newer generation teams principal(prenominal)tain been taking a different approach. Most teams will advertise on that predict big sports star in trying to have people buy there gear, buy tickets, or simply support their team. But the most effective way to market your team is getting to the kids first. In advertising for a younger generation, you will tie the kids in more at an earlier age and hopefully will stay with the team throughout the years.Reaching tomorrows fans, teams seek long-term benefits from marketing to kids and teens. Youth Marketing is one of the most popular ways that sports are using to market their teams. Television has become the main source of marketing pro teams, as some teams have their own T.V show. The clean York Jets launched Generation Jets, a weekly half-hour show for children that uses animated characters, Jets players and New York landmarks to teach life lessons. A few of the lessons featured in season one-preparation, patience, and faith- might also be the keys to success for pro teams that are marketing to kids and teenagers. In airing this show the Jets targeted kids six to eleven years old, in hoping that the kids would rest it before they realize whats cool. Generation Jets is more than a TV show, it became the beginning for a comprehensive kids marketing effort that has seen the team launch a dedicated Web site, create themed merchandise, and re-brand its community relations activities and kids club. Case in point Like many teams, the Arizona Cardinals have a kids club through which members receive specially created newsletters and team merchandise. Many marketers figure that kids clubs are a test of necessary evil, a way to create some connection with children and teenagers who probably arent going to buy ful l-price tickets for years to come.For pro teams, getting fans while theyre still young is probably the most important now than ever because of well-established competing forces like the Internet, video games and action sports. The way teams are going about it, varies from team to team. The range of tactics includes everything from scheduling ... ...g to attract four to five year olds. To attract those youngsters, Reebok markets kids-only for kids only styles, creates kid targeted retail displays and steals a few tricks from kids breakfast cereal. Reeboks main focus is it tries to mirror its kid targeted advertising with retail displays to help young kids make the connection from TV spots to the product in stores. Sales at stores with those displays consistently outstrip sales at merchants without them. On the other hand Nike which is a high profile athletic apparel and footwear company was having trouble positioning themselves successfully with youths. The youths have been more at tracted to newer brands such as Volcom or old school with Adidas that is making a comeback because kids watch more and more TV and extreme sports are becoming more and more popular each day. In trying to get the kids back to financial support NIKE, NIKE came out with a contest that had a youths compete in skate and bike jumping. At this event the kids were video taped and the best ones moved on. Also, NIKE was bragging(a) out their branded materials in seeking to get the consumer back. This event was highly attended and NIKE was able to increase its brand.

The Wolf :: essays research papers

The WolfDestiny, perhaps from the very beginning, claimed the wildcat as a symbol. Has any another(prenominal) animal aroused hu mankind passions the way the wolf has? Its haunting howl, itsincredible stamina, its brilliant eyes, and its superiority as a predator allhave been r sinistered as nefarious, and even sinful, traits. Ironically, these equivalentcharacteristics have also been revered as belonging to a majestic, and sometimesspiritual, creature - a symbol of the magnificent, untamed wilderness.In truth, the wolf is neither evil nor exceptionally good - neither demonnor god. Wolves are simply predators. Their role as a predator must not bereduced, however, to that of savage killer. Wolves, standardized humans, need to eat tosurvive. In this process, wolves also provide a service they help preservenatures delicate balance by keeping herds of deer, elk, moose, and other bountifulmammals in check, as well as keeping these populations strong and geneticallyviable by preying o n the weak and sick.Both the idealized wolf and the demonic wolf are creations of the humanmind. It is not easy to transcend the image of the Big Bad Wolf that has filledour myths and legends, but if we know only this wolf we do not truly know thewolf at all. And what we do not know, we fear. Our fear is perhaps the greatestthreat to the survival of the wolf, for it causes us to move rather than act,to repel rather than respect. But this fear and hatred did not always separateman and beastMan the hunter once looked on the wolf the hunter with admiration. Man andwolf both used their keen intelligence to overcome the disadvantages they facedin their day-to-day existence. Survival for both was heighten by hunting andliving in groups or packs. And, at one time, the chance of survival for each wasalso increased by following, learning from, and adapting the skills of the otherto its own advantage.As long as mans daily living was earned primarily as a hunter, he knew arespect for wolves, and coexistence was relatively peaceful. Eventually, man andwolf took up together in a process of domestication that brought a differentmeaning to their coexistence. Even while those early ancestors of mans best promoter enjoyed this new relationship, the wolves that did not come in from thecold were beginning to be cast in a different and less favorable light, for thedog was not the only animal toward whom man turned his attention in the earlydays of animal husbandry.

The Internet :: essays research papers

THE INTERNETIn the last decade the Internet has grownup from a dream into the most sophisticated reality. You merchant ship find practically anything you want to on the worlds fastest growing tool. Computers argon now very advanced and affordable so the Internet is also wholeness of the most widely used tools. Like anything in the world the Internet also has a hardly a(prenominal) bad points, however I think that the good points of the Internet out weigh the bad ones. General information can be easily constitute on any subject with the simple click of the mouse. Many people use the Internet in genealogy re research, or track down family or friends on a people search. The Internet can also take the place of a phone book with phone number search engines and yellow-bellied page directories. It can also be a great advantage when one is planning to travel maps are easily accessed, and unlimited research can be done on a destination. One can easily find information on any hobby, and there is usually an Internet nightspot for every hobby imaginable. If one is into games then there are demos for most computer games, or you could even play chess with someone overseas. There are also an unlimited number of personal ads to save fun with or maybe make a new friend. I am a euphony lover and there are an unlimited number of resources for all types of music. I have downloaded nearly 400 songs from the Internet, and it was all free and legal. If one does not have time to go shopping for Christmas there are millions of online stores for any type of gift there are even online grocery stores. One can search huge databases of used or new cars until they find the one that is right for them. There are also thousands of classified adds to search through if the item one is looking for cannot be bought new or is discontinued. There are even online auctions where one can conveniently buy or sell new or used items. One can even pay their bills online. Of course if one wants to look into a product before they purchase it there are countersign forums on nearly every item. For the business man there are sites to buy, sell, research, or get quotes on ones stocks. All the top news groups have sack sites, and there are even weather sites.

The Internet :: essays research papers

THE INTERNETIn the last decade the Internet has grown from a dream into the nearly advanced reality. You can find practically anything you want to on the worlds fastest growing tool. Computers atomic number 18 now very advanced and affordable so the Internet is also one(a) of the most wide used tools. Like anything in the world the Internet also has a few bad points, however I think that the good points of the Internet turn out weigh the bad ones. General information can be intimately found on any subject with the simple click of the mouse. Many mountain use the Internet in genealogy research, or track down family or friends on a people search. The Internet can also hold the place of a phone book with phone number search engines and yellow page directories. It can also be a great receipts when one is planning to travel maps are easily accessed, and unlimited research can be done on a destination. One can easily find information on any hobby, and there is usually an Internet club for every hobby imaginable. If one is into games then there are demos for most computer games, or you could nonetheless play chess with someone overseas. There are also an unlimited number of personal ads to have fun with or maybe make a new friend. I am a music lover and there are an unlimited number of resources for all eccentrics of music. I have downloaded nearly 400 songs from the Internet, and it was all free and legal. If one does not have time to go shopping for Christmas there are millions of online stores for any type of gift there are even online grocery stores. One can search huge databases of used or new cars until they find the one that is unspoiled for them. There are also thousands of classified adds to search through if the item one is looking for cannot be bought new or is discontinued. There are even online auctions where one can conveniently buy or sell new or used items. One can even pay their bills online. Of course if one wants to look into a product before they purchase it there are discussion forums on nearly every item. For the business man there are sites to buy, sell, research, or get quotes on ones stocks. All the top news groups have web sites, and there are even weather sites.

FutureCola

The reports answers five questions elated to the case of cola in China. These questions include 1 How effective is the emplacement of time to come Cola? 2 What are the factors that squander contributed to hereafter Colas growth so far? 3 How might coca Cola and Pepsi Co. Respond to fire bush in the carbonated drinks category? 4 What should wahoo do to anticipate and respond to the next level of competition? 5 what other strategies and tactics could coming(prenominal) Cola employ to continue to grow its market share?The author has used different tools to answer these questions including SOOT, pest, Five Forces Model, Anions Matrix, Core Competencies and Competitive Advantages. To measure the potentiality of Strategic Positioning of Future Cola the author first analyzed its strategic positions using competitive good theory followed by SOOT and PEST analysis as well as porters five forces model which helped to explore the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats fo r the business.Also the political, social, economic and technological factors that are contributing to the success of Future cola have been discussed. Also the business environment was analyzed by identifying threats of substitute products, threat of new products, intense rivalries among existing players, bargaining power of appliers and bargaining power of buyers. It was comprise that Future Cola has become a successful brand and is competing with international brands in China because it has been advertised as a patriotic brand Intelligent.Further Wahoo convention holds vast wholesale and retail network. Also the prices of Future Cola are low as compared to other brand. Pepsi and coca plant Cola can fall upon the rising demand and success of future bola by adopting a localized marketing strategy, lowering prices and introducing new flavors that are close to the judgement that Chinese people like. 4 Report also offers recommendation to Future Cola for becoming leader in China a nd or succeeding globally. These recommendations include bespeak developing nations, medium calorie drinks as well as drinks with natural ingredients Q-1.How effective is the positioning of Future Cola? Strategic Positioning Pretax profit plump year at Hangout Wahoo, the Chinese beverage giant controlled by the country richest man Gong Singing, climbed by 18% to 10. 1 billion Yuan, or $1. 6 billion, amid a fall in raw material costs, a company spokesman told Forbes. (Forbes, 2013) The Company started its operations in 1987 as a milk grinder that was run by a School with the goal of providing children with nutrient drinks. The company is among top five global beverage producers.Future Cola was introduced by Wahoo Group of China in 1998 at the time when carbonated drinks had become popular and this category was covering half of the volume of the soft drink industry. In 1997 the make of cola in China was 1. 36 million with 80% combined market share of Pepsi and Coca Cola. Currently on number three in China and Number five in the world among soft drink manufacturers Wahoo has successfully achieved and maintained its position. (Nancy Dad, 2004) Competitive Advantage The competitive advantage of Future Cola lays in its generic business strategy that fermentation strategy.The Future Cola gained success because the CEO was prepared on how multinationals will respond to this new brand and prepared to compete with response as well increase its market share in the future. (Nancy Dad, 2004) The outward evidence of competitive advantage for Future Cola can be seen in its success in China as third major soft drink in China and full(prenominal) growth in sales. Future Cola is enjoying superior delivered cost position due to low costs 6 international brands and close to the Chinese taste and culture. Positional advantage has many benefits and cannot be exploitedIn theory, the competitive advantage is described from two perspectives 1 . Resource 2. Capabilities As regards resources Future cola has competitive advantage that because it has vast distribution network, financial capacity, its manufacturing and distribution network in low cost, has production capacity, it purchases raw material. Capabilities include focused knowledge, orientation of customer service, expertise in design, experience as a food and beverage company, holds trade relationship in China, is able to utilize relevant technologies, capability to design system as well as to response capability.SOOT Analysts Strengths Weaknesses Brand summon resembling to Coca Cola Fifth biggest brand in the world Third Major Brand in China China National Brand Vast network of wholesale Cheaper than its competitors Attractive Marketing Strategies Brand Management Skills Not an international brand like Pepsi and Coca Cola Focusing less on Threats Opportunities Great Competition Changing consumption trends Restriction on carbonated drinks jakes expand its network to rising markets and developing na tions to Can introduce different flavors to grow sales Can acquire major players in ChinaFigure I-SOOT Analysis Future Cola Brand name resembling to Coca Cola which is already familiar One among the five biggest brands in the world Third Major Brand in China Established as China National Brand Vast network of wholesale Cheaper than its competitors Attractive Marketing Strategies and Brand Management Skills Weaknesses 8 Not an international brand like Pepsi and Coca Cola Can expand its network to emerging markets and developing nations to increase sales and profits Can introduce different flavors to grow sales Can acquire major players in China Great Competition with presence of major brands Changing consumption trends

From History to Modern Era Essay

The great virtue of this estimate of Zionism is that it seems to succeed in providing the modern movement with a long business relationship of which it is the heir. Zionism is made to stand in an unending line of messianic stirrings and rebellions against an evil destiny which began right after the destruction of the Temple by the Romans, with the Bar Kokba beat back in the next century.This theory highlights the story of frequent ascents of small groups of pietists from the Diaspora to the Holy Land, occurring in every century of the medieval and pre- modern age, as expressions of a chief(prenominal) theme indeed, of the main theme of return, which gave meaning to Jewish experience in the exile. The bond between the people and its land, which it neer gave up hope of resettling, was thus never broken, and Zionism is, therefore, the consummation of Jewish annals under the long-awaited propitious circumstances afforded by the age of liberalism and nationalism.Despite its neatnes s and appeal, this construction, which is chiefly identified with the name of the distinguished Israeli historian, Ben Zion Dinur, must be subjected to serious criticism. In the first place, it is really a kind of synthetic Zionist ideology presented as history. The assumption of being in the midst of an end of days, of a final resolution of the tension between the Jew and the world, is as yet unprovable. To date, even after the creation of the state of Israel, Zionism has neither failed nor succeeded.The mental attitude of the Jew is still unique in the world, and only those who are certain that their theories foretell the future can be convinced that, for example, the Diaspora will soon be dissolved. This may, indeed, be true, but an interpretation of the meaning of Zionism in Jewish history which boldly asserts that it must come to pass as this theory does is suspect of being doctrinaire. a good deal more could be said in detail about the implications of this theory that Zion ism is Jewish messianism in process of realizing itself through this-worldly means.This description fits that stream of Zionist scene which remained orthodox in religious outlook, and therefore limited its tinkering with the classical messianic sentimention of the Jewish religion to the question of means but this thesis pretends to impart to the main body of the movement, and, as such, it is artificial and evasive. What is being obscured is the crucial problem of modern Zionist ideology, the tension between the inherited messianic concept and the radically new meaning that Zionism, at its most modern, was proposing to give it.Zionism Messianic Era Religious messianism had always imagined the Redemption as a confrontation between the Jew and God. The hedonist played a variety of roles in this drama as chastising rod in the divine hand, as the enemy to be discomfited, or, at very least, as the spectator to pay homage at the end of the play but none of these parts are indispensab le to the plot. In the cutting edge of Zionism, in its most revolutionary expression, the essential dialogue is now between the Jew and the nations of the earth.What marks modern Zionism as a fresh beginning in Jewish history is that its ultimate values derive from the general milieu. The Messiah is now identified with the dream of an age of individual liberty, national freedom, and economic and social justice i. e. , with the modernised faith of the nineteenth century. This is the true Copernican revolution which modern Zionism announced and it patently represents a fundamental change not merely in the concept of the means to the Redemption but in end values. Every aspect of Jewish messianism has been completely transmuted by this new absolute.So, classical Judaism had, for the most part, imagined that at somewhat propitious moment an inner turning by the Chosen People would be the preamble to evoking the saving grace of God. Zionism, too, knows that the Jewish people must be r emade in order to be redeemed indeed, its sweeping and passionate demands lent themselves to being spoken in language reminiscent of the prophets but it is supremely cognisant that its millennium is out of reach without the assent and co-operation of the dominant political powers.

White Settlement

What was the impact on White Settlement on indigenous life between 1788- 1861? Describe the meeting of two cultures that we see in Bennelong and William Buckley. 1. Early years in Sydney- Arthur Phillip and Bennelong In 1788, led by Captain Arthur Phillip (Australias first governor), the Europeans had arrived in Australia with the first fleet. They saw no sign of life and had no idea that the native people had been living in Australia for thousands even tens of thousands of years. that the Indigenous people were very aware that they had come and were deeply fascinated by them.At first they thought they were ghosts or evil spirits barely they soon realized that these white-skinned and strangely-dressed people were planning to stay, and that they were. These white-skinned people were in fact convicts who was shipped to do hard laborious work for their committed crime. Life before Europeans had colonised in Australia was a very different place. There was either clear land and/or l ots of bush. There were no boats, building or roads, in fact the Indigenous people probably had no idea there was such thing. This was probably why Arthur Phillip presumed the land could be theirs because no- star held sovereign right.But the Indigenous people were living there. The Indigenous people lived happily and peacefully with guidance from their elders who knew local dream time stories and customs. They comfortable living together, helping and sharing with one another and stayed alive by eating animals and berries from the bush. They didnt need fancy clothes, building or roads unlike the Europeans to live a good life. On the 25 November 1789, Captain Arthur Phillip, captured elder Bennelong and used him as a way to learn about the language and customs of the indigenous people.Bennelong willingly liaised between the cultures, and adopted European dress and other ways. 2. Victoria- Buckley and batman After convict William Buckleys escape from the Victorian settlement he was d iscovered by the Wathaurang people who thought this pale, 198cm jumbo carrying a spear was the ghost of one of their leaders. Buckley had arrived at Port Phillip Bay from England in 1803 with about 300 soldiers, settlers and convicts after being sentenced to transportation for life. Before the European settlement was abandoned, Buckley escaped.He wandered alone for weeks before he was befriended by the Wathaurang people. Over the next 32 years Buckley lived with the Wathaurang, learnt their language and customs, married and had a daughter. In 1835 he finally emerged to meet Batmans colonising party and tried to work as an intermediary between settlers and aborigines, but felt he wasnt trusted by either. 3. Overview of their decline and dispossession of land Victoria was originally the home to many Indigenous tribes that had been living there for a long period of time.Although when the Europeans settled in Australia Batman planned to negotiate his way into buying the land of the Ind igenous people. Once Batman arrived in Victoria he approached the local Indigenous leaders with a contract, to buy their land. His negotiations were successful, and he walked away with 240,000 hectares of prime farming terrain almost all of the Kulin nations ancestral land even though they were technically not eligible to trade the land as it wasnt really their land.However the transaction went ahead, and it was agreed that batman was to on a annual basis, give them 40 blankets, 30 axes, 100 knives, 50 scissors, 30 mirrors, 200 handkerchiefs, 100 pounds of flour and 6 shirts in exchange for the land. Because of this transaction between the Indigenous People and Batman the majority of Victorias state is, as the Indigenous people originally called us, white-skinned.

Compare the Evidence of a Nordic Presence in the Americas

Compare the distinguish of a Nordic presence in the Americas before the stretch of capital of Ohio with the evidence of a West African presence during that period. It has been said by historians that the Nordics and the West Africans were in the Americas before Columbus arrived in 1492. Though evidence, much(prenominal) as verbal sagas, tracing routes which it was said they took, artifacts, skeletal remains, among differents, have been embed to prove that they could have been present there are still debates as to whether or non they actually came to the Americas before Columbus.Some believe that the evidence of the presence of the Nordics is more admissible than that of the West Africans. The Scandinavian (also known as the Vikings) got their name from the language they spoke, Old Norse. They were originally from Scandinavian countries. It believed that they came to the new world for several reasons such as the fact that it had a rich supply of salt to preserve their goods, they were explorers, the country they lived in, Greenland, curtly became over populated and they experienced a great famine in 975. It is also believed that there was a political unrest between the cans in Yankee Europe.There has been many pieces of evidence to support the theory that the Vikings were, in fact, present in the new world during the pre-columbian era. Some of the settements of the Vikings were found, still standing, such as York and capital of Ireland. There was not much written records on the Viking so most of their history was passed down orally through sagas, through which we first heard of their geographic expedition into Europe and the Americas, there were two sagas which survived these are the Greenlanders Saga and The Saga of Erik the Red. The sagas claim that the Vikings interacted and traded with the autochthonal people that they found in the Americas.The sagas led to the finding of some substantial evidence such as the archaeological remains found in New foundland and there it was discovered that there was a Viking settlement in the town called LAnse aux Meadows, in this town historians discovered that the Vikings did travel further south into the Americas and explored the land they spoke of in their sagas, Vinland. When they ventured further down into Vinland historians discovered butternut wood and butternuts, which were not native to the area so it is believed that the Vikings brought it there from further south (lands surrounding the Gulf of St.Lawrence). Other artifacts such as architectural structures, woodworking items, boat rivets and personal items were found in the region, which historians participationd back to about AD 1000 with the use of scientific method. Another hard piece of evidence found in Vinland was a Norse coin which was found off the coast of Maine and was dated back to between AD1065-1080 which suggests that there was interaction of these people and the indigenous peoples. This gave historians physical evid ence that coincided with the oral sagas. All this evidence pre-dates European arrival by as early as 500 course of studys.It is also believed that the West Africans came to the New World centuries before the arrival of Columbus. Ivan Van Sertima is one of many who argue that West Africans made contact with the new World before Columbus. According to Sertima the Africans travelled from the African coast from the northwestern to the west and crossed the Atlantic. According to the famous Egyptian Scholar, Ibn Fadi Al-Umari, in 1342, there were two large voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, before Columbus voyage, both of these voyages were pioneered by one man, Mansa (king) Abubakari II. In the year 1311, Abubakari abdicated his thrown to Mansa Musa.Not a son of his son but in fact his brother. He (Abubakari) equipped 1000 of his transfers with the finest men, sorcerers, physicians, sailors and navigators. Every ship had supply ship attached to it. The number of ships totalled 2000. The other 1000 ships were loaded with foodstuffs, drugs, fruits and drinks to last his team for 2yrs. It was believed that Abubakari arrived on the other end of the Atlantic in the year 1312. Proof of the Malian expedition can be noted in the names given to places in Haiti as the Malians renamed places after themselves. Examples of such are Mandinga Port, Mandinga true laurel and Sierre de Mali.It is said that the African mariners that came to the western hemisphere were looking for trade and knowledge of what lied beyond their coasts. They brought with them flora and fauna, cloth, their scientific knowledge, technology and the arts. Modern experiments have shown that the antique African boats could have made the journey across the seas to the new world as they were strong enough. Boat builders in Central Africas Lake chad made a papyrus craft that was sailed from North Africa to Barbados in eastern Caribbean in 1969, there were similar journeys that showed that even the small boa ts could with have survived these crossings.Some of the evidence that the West Africans were in fact present in the region before Columbus arrival are the linguistic continuities in the region, an example of this is when it was recorded that the indigenous peoples referred to the Africans as guanine which was the first piece of evidence that west Africans were in the region, it, however, was not seen as strong enough by many historians to hold up such a theory. There were no written evidence that they were there, it could be assumed that they could have been lost, or destroyed as it was seen that the Europeans were not al styles tolerant of these other cultures in their explorations.History has recorded some incidents where the writings of natives and precious metals and gems were destroyed (in the case of the precious metals and gems, they were used or melted down) by the Europeans when they came to the land of the natives, as they truism some of these as pagan items. Another piec e of evidence found by historians were the archaeological remains that were found, the age of these remains were dated back match to how deep the archaeologist had to dip for it.The successive layers of dirt only built up over time, so the archaeologists knew the date of the dirt layer then the date of the artifacts to the layer which was found. Additional evidence that supported the thesis that both these cultures came in contact came from clear evidence of the facial features of the images and figures, which were done using various materials such as clay, gold and copper that were found in the relics which were dug up.The images and figures found in the relics were unmistakably inspired by an African as the phenotypical and ethnic characteristics were clearly of an African origin, this could be told by their colouration, the fullness of lip, prognathism, scarification, tattoo markings, beards, kinky hair, generously fleshed noses, and even in some instances, identifiable coiffur es, head kerchiefs, helmets, compound earrings (Sertima 1976). Also, there were huge head sculptures which were discovered in the Central and South America that also had African features.Skeletal remains which belonged is believed to have belonged to Africans were found. Further evidence is seen in the unearthly rituals of the people in Mexico, as their gods and ceremonies are closely modelled to those of the African society. Also, the use of shells as currency rather than just symbolic items and also the botanical continuities such as the presence of species of African origin, for example banana, jack bean, yam and others. Other evidence which came directly from the natives themselves when they explained to the Europeans that they received an alloy called guanine from the Africans, the alloy which they spoke of consisted of a mix of precious metals. It was also noted that some of the artifacts of the natives which Columbus collected, such as the cloths used by the natives closely matched the weave, colouration and style of cloths used by African communities in Guinea. An explorer, Balboa, also recorded that he came across scattered groups of people who looked very much like Africans in regions that he had discovered.This shows that the Europeans themselves came across Africans in the region. There is also the scientific evidence (oceanography) which points to the fact that the Africans were very capable of getting to the new world before Columbus, The Atlantic Worlds coastline was linked to the African coastline by the ocean currents which moved between the two areas, which meant that the Africans who were seen in the Americas would not have had any problems using these ways to make their way to the new world.In both cases, as relating the presence of the Nordics and the west Africans in the western hemisphere before Columbus, the main problem is the fact that there are not much written accounts by the people themselves, and so it is easy to call the eviden ce inadmissible as in the world today facts are ground on what is written in the books.There is, however, more admissible evidence for the Nordics as it relates to how they got the western hemisphere as there route can be traced easily, though it is said that the Africans got to the western hemisphere using Pacific current known as the Kouro-Siwo and the Equatorial currents of the Atlantic Ocean. In both case, settlements were uncovered, and evidence of things they left can such as flora and fauna, personal items among other things.It can be said that though there was not much written accounts of their presence, there is adequate evidence that they had, indeed, been present in the Americas in the pre-columbian era.BIBLIOGRAPHY Africaspeaks. com Bornblackmag. org Campbell, John and Heather Cateau. History for the Caribbean in the Atlantic World. Ghanaweb. com Shepherd, Verene Liberties Lost. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom, Worker. org

Spare the Rod and Spoil the Child

I was really enjoying service last Sunday, because my pastor I must(prenominal) admit is good at what he was called to do- crack jokes and preach the pertlysworthiness of God. He shared a story ab tabu his childhood during service and that gave me the inspiration for this write up.A young pastor Tunde ( non real name) apparently set out to grind pepper for his mum, so that dinner could be made without hassle. And so Tunde went to the grind-mans house and got the pepper well grounded, but instead of going stick out home decided to play one-set of football. One set led to two sets and more and Tunde was running late for dinner preparations, but at least he had grounded the pepper.Done with football practice and catching up with friends Tunde was on his way out of the sandy football pitch when a more excited friend on the football pitch decided to smash one last shot at goal, but missed by a long mile and caught Tundes hand and the grounded pepper spilled on the sand. Afraid and pan icking, Tunde managed to motor a hold of himself and packed whatever spilled on the sand, alongside the sand and put it all underpin in the bag and ran straight home with the perfect excuse.Tundes mum asked in earnest what kept him so long, and Tunde said he had to abide in railway system for his turn. Tundes mother refused to dwell on that and collected the (sandy) pepper from his hand and went back into the kitchen. It was there she saw a rather new mixture of grounded pepper and sand (delicious) and required from Tunde as to what came about this combination. Already a successful liar once, Tunde brought out another great line when he said the grinds-man, on putting the pepper inside the machine brought out this mixture and he had no choice but to take what the machine had condition to him.Cutting the story short, now born-again Pastor Tunde revealed that he still vividly remembers the slap that was dished out to him when he was done with his ridiculous response. It was in lin e of that story that Pastor Tunde revealed a bible passage (Proverbs 22 vs. 15) to back his claim that a child must be disciplined, to set his ways straight.While the church building burst out in laughter, I was taking notes. I took notes because I was never beaten as a child by my parents, but at school I got my share and for emphasis sake I am not against it. I just find the topic fascinating anytime it comes up that you must be disciplined by the rod, else you larn up wayward. That assertion does not sit very well with me and so I decided to express myself in my own words. I believe it is the call of a parent to discipline their child however they feel is right, as long as it is done with a high level of tolerance.I definitely agree that a parent reserves the right to spank their child to reality should he default as truth be told, growing kids are the most manipulative people you can ever come across. From the trickery in their moves when theyve just stolen a bar of chocolate, to the stir tears that form up immediately they have been caught, parents must face the facts that children are indeed manipulative.What then leads the best way to discipline? I grew up knowing that charity began from our home but even then it took a few strokes on my behind in school to correct some of my errors that could not be detected at home. My understanding of that phrase is that whatever basic values you might need as a child, including discipline, you must first get that experience at home. Not being a parent puts me at a slight disadvantage to this debate, but I have watched my little cousins and nieces and nephews grow and I do understand why this needs to be addressed by public opinion. Therein lies the argument, to beat or not to beat.

Friedrich Nietzsche’s “God is Dead” Essay

It is a bright sunny morning with the bookmans rushing to go to their classrooms. Inside the Philosophy classroom of Mrs. Beckham, college students are starting to stack their books pop out of their bags and on to their table. Mrs. Beckham arrives and without saying anything, writes on the board in big bold letters God is Dead. Everybody fell silent and re segmented the research task assigned to them devil weeks ago. Mrs. Beckham (sits d have got on her chair) God is Dead. Of course, Catholics and believers consider God to be dead(a) as He no longer exists on Earth.Several stories have their own representations of how God died a long time ago through crucifixion. All of us have seen that. Do you think God is dead? A student raises his hand from the back of the room Mrs. Beckham (points towards the said direction) Any thoughts worthy of the classs caution, Ms. Fuller? Andrea Fuller I believe the phrase written on the board is from a well-known German philosopher who introduced gr eat ideas into the 19th century (Baird 2006). He is well known for several works and is referred to as Friedrich Nietzsche. Mrs. Beckham Indeed, you are right, Andrea.This gives insights with respect to the background of the quote and from whom this is taken from. I wanted to hear your thoughts regarding the death of God from your personal point of view and another one in precondition of how it is perceived by Nietzsche. Another student is acknowledged by Mrs. Beckham, one sitting right in front of her George Riley For me, God remains to exist crimson in our fast-paced time. He has proven himself to be present in the different corners of the globe as exemplified by the establishment of churches in to each one of the sm each(prenominal)est social unit of territory that could be distinguished for a country.Likewise, technology and science made its corresponding contribution that enables the churches to be more accessible to the slew. This serves as a invariable reminder and inc essantly strengthens the feeling of the people that God remains to exist today. As for what Nietzsche stated, God is dead and the people are the murderers. It is a statement that very has the tendency to provoke reactions from people (Zizek 2006). in that respect is indeed a time wherein people have made several commentaries and this statement even enjoyed comparable attention during the time when it is sensationalized through different mediums (Zizek 2006).To a certain extent, it can be seen that the reaction earned from the people considers the topic of whether God is alive or dead to be a concern for a significant number of people. Mrs. Beckham That is quite an interesting thought. But I still believe that God today has died. There are more things that are not seen than simply the establishment of churches and the access to such. Andrea Fuller (reads from her book and scans the pages) Indeed, in the few last quotes from Nietzsche, Kaufmann (1974) cites the statement that What after all are these churches now if they are not the tombs and sepulchers of God? (97). God has died a long time ago within the paddy wagon of people. In the heart of each and every person is where God exists. Not physically for His biological death occurred a long time ago. In spirit, it is where God could remain in the hearts of the people but with the sins and crimes that are committed, God slowly died and vanished. It is all attributed to the thoughts and deeds of the people through time. Michael Dutton So can we refer to Nietzsche as a member of the movement that is directed towards bringing about an antichrist movement?Seemingly, the arguments are leading towards the fact that Nietzsche proposed that God no longer exists, He is no longer alive, and that the people are left on their own. Anne Morris As it is seen that this statement could easily provoke a sense of uncertainty and doubts with regard to the existence of God. In fact, in Europe, the bushel of such is considered by many to have brought about a wider set of horizon for the people especially with the nonexistence of a Supreme Being that oversees everything (OFlaherty & Doniger 1995).I quote OFlaherty & Doniger (1995) in this book that states for the demythologized, Nietzsche was right and Plato was wrong when the gods died, they left behind an empty myth, a play in search of characters, a village without Hamlet (160). With the death of God, there is seen to be an uncertainty of some sort. The important element that exists in a particular portrait, for example the subject, is missing and that the background is the unless one left. That is what I understand from what is given in the previous statement.God has died a long time ago with the confusion and ignorance of people about the things that halt Him alive. Nietzsche has only emphasized this but there is a space left which could say that he may be simply describing the picture he is seeing. bottom Grahm Indeed, we could consider that impa ct that it has over the European society where during the time when Nietzsche launched the idea, Skirbekk and Gilje (2001) proposed that the belief in the Christian God has become unworthy of belief (354).This represents that the statements of Nietzsche has led to the destruction, in part, of the belief that is bestowed upon the existence of Christ. Nietzsche, in making this assertion, can not be condemned as an anti-Christ per se. This is because of the fact that the context upon which the statement is made also deserves attention. He is exhausting to propose another thought and this is seen to be more important. Mrs. Beckham What is this thought, then? John Grahm That God continued to exist even after his physical death laid upon Him by people.Where we are not contented with this, we have even let him die in spirit and in thoughts. We have lost the meaning and the belief of having a God. It is the people who are to blame and this requires reclamation of our beliefs. However, thi s is not happening right now and Nietzsche only wanted to provoke the emotions of people and catch their attention. Mrs. Beckham (stands up and starts to erase the phrase in the blackboard) We had a pretty much good discussion and debate that shared the ideas and research that you have done for this assignment.We have seen twain the importance of critically assessing the arguments of other people and making a response thereto based on the facts we have gathered from different sources. Just the corresponding as Nietzsche has provoked the thoughts of others in his statement, you also made your own share and provoked other people to take part in this discussion something that is decidedly helpful for us. As for me, God remain to be alive. Despite his death, there are still people, I believe, who would continuously give Him honor and carry his lifespan within them. It is all up to us whether we would let God die in our hearts or not.ReferencesBaird, R. M. (2006) Friedrich Nietzsche Microsoft Student 2007 DVD. Redmond, WA Microsoft Corporation 1 November 2008. Kaufmann, W. A. (1974) Nietzsche Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist, 4th Ed. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press. OFlagerty, W. & Doniger, W. (1995) Other Peoples Myths The Cave of Echoes. Chicago The University of Chicago Press. Skirbekk, G. & Gilje, N. (2001) History of Western Thought From Ancient Greece to the Twentieth Century. London Routledge. Zizek, S. (2006) The Parallax View. Cambridge, MA MIT Press.

Transformational and Transactional Leadership

Transformational and Transactional leaders Transformational and Transactional Leadership Thomas J. Kenny CRJ-810 decline 16, 2011 Many styles of loss glide byership exist in the management world. Most of these approaches are precise similar to nonpareil a nonher. Two very disparate styles of leadinghip are the transactional and transformational leadership styles identified by James ruin in 1978. These leadership styles are almost polar opposites of one another, with employees in the transactional leadership style actuate by rewards and gains, and employees in the transformational style motivated by their personal magnetismtic managers.These two leadership styles, though different from each another, ignore be very efficient tools in the world of policing. Transactional leadership represents those exchanges in which two the superior and the subordinate influence one another reciprocally so that each derives something of value. (Yukl, 1981) This style of leadership can be compared to dangling a carrot in front of someone, or giving officers who carry through the most tickets steady weekends off. Leaders who use this style give their subordinates something they wishing in exchange for something that the leader wants.The reward system of leadership used by the transactional leader can also involve rewards or value that are not as easily tangible such as trust and respect. Burns(1978) referred to these values as modal values modal values bond leaders to followers in an taste to actualize the needs of both parties. These rewards such as trust and respect may still be given out by low level practice of law supervisors who may not halt the situation to give out overtime or authorize special days off.While transactional leadership is concerned with change magnitude production and motivation through a reward based system, transformational leadership is concerned with making the employee want to succeed. Bass & Steidlmeier (1998) describes this diff erence as Transformational leadership is predicated upon the inner dynamics of a freely embraced change of message in the realm of core values and motivation, upon open-ended happy stimulation and a commitment to treating community as ends not mere means.To bring about change, authentic transformational leadership fosters the modal values of honesty, fealty and fairness and the end values of justice, equality, and human rights. Transformational leadership contains four components idealized influence (attributed or behavioral),inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized shape. (Bass, 1985) These four components can be summed up as that of a charismatic leader. Employees will grab the qualities of this charismatic leader and try to emulate them.Bass (1985) describes this emulation of charismatic leaders as If the leadership is transformational, its charisma or idealized influence is envisioning, confident, and sets high standards for emulation. Its inspirational motivation provides followers with challenges and meaning for engaging in shared goals and undertakings. Its intellectual stimulation helps followers to question assumptions and to generate more creative roots to problems. Its individualized consideration treats each follower as an individual and provides coaching, mentoring and growth opportunities.Transformational leadership can be very effective in the world of policing, where the leadership exists from the top down. Officers who work for a transformational leader in a law department must understand the vision of the departments direction, appreciate the organizations potential, cerebrate that the goal of improvement is supported by the entire organization, and support the idea that change is needed. (Bynum, 2008) Transformational Leadership can be very effective due to the fact that its motivational and inspirational effects can be long lasting and felt by every employee in the organization.Transformational lead ership encourages its members to be more proactive and more fertile without any specific direction or a reward in understanding other than that it benefits the organization as a whole. With transactional leadership, some of the rewards such as die hours or days off can only be enjoyed by a few of the members. A competition to see who can write the most summonses, with the winner getting better days off, may increase production at first.The benefit of weekends off can not be given to everyone though, and commonly only those who receive the reward will continue to produce as much. Transformational leadership might have a difficult time succeeding in an organization such as the New York city Police Department. The NYPD was founded in 1845, and therefore is deeply rooted in traditions and norms. Even the most charismatic leader, brought into the NYPD to institute change and a new direction, is going to be met with extreme resistance.Police Officers, who can tend to be very reflexi ve at times, might not take well to the idea of being self starting, proactive, and productive for their department. This initial resistance by subordinates usually makes the transformational leadership approach a long term solution to a departments problems. Transformational leadership tends to be more effective that transactional leadership, due to the fact that most of the wrong in the reward based system of transactional leadership are defined and tangible.The subordinate is expected to produce a certain amount in order to receive a benefit. This can tend to make the employee dispense with production once they have met the production requirement. Conversely in transformational leadership the employees are motivated not by a reward, but for the good of the organization as a whole. This motivation can lead employees in a transformational leader organization to produce much more than what is expected of them. The fact that the terms of a transactional leadership arrangement are t angible also makes it effective for a short term production problem.A precinct with an influx of burglaries, might offer an extra day off to the next officer who makes a burglary arrest. While in the long run they would want the officer to always be vigilant for burglary arrests, the added benefit of a day off will have additional motivational effects. Transformational leadership is most oft effective in organizations that have a need for change, or that have undergone a recent crisis. Transformational leaders tend to have uniting qualities, which can bring an organization out of mediocrity.Adolf Hitler, who was a tremendously charismatic transformational leader, was able to bring Germany back from the brink of total collapse and financial ruin that it was in future(a) World War I. Transformational and transactional leadership can be two of the most effective styles of leadership in policing. By using the transformational leadership style, police managers can foster an group of pr oactive and motivated police officers, who want to achieve greater results for the good of the team.By using the transactional leadership approach, they can achieve great results exchanging rewards and benefits with subordinates for change magnitude production. Using a combination of these two approaches to police leadership should lead to great success. References Bass, B. , & Steidlmeier, P. (1998). Ethics, Character, and Authentic Transformational Leadership. Vanguard. edu. Retrieved celestial latitude 10, 2011, from www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/Faculty/RHeuser/ETHICS,%20MORAL%20CHARACTER%20AND%20AUTHENTIC%20TRANSFORMATIONAL%20LEADERSHIP. df Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York Free Press . Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York Harper & Row. Bynum, R. (2008). Transformational Leadership and Staff Training in the Law Enforcement Profession. The Police Chief. Retrieved December 10, 2011, from www. policechiefmagazine. org/magazine/in dex. cfm? fuseaction=display_arch&article_id=1422&issue_id=22008 Yukl, G. A. (1981). Leadership in organizations. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. Prentice-Hall.

Plants

Plants pay off their lives in the form of informants. The conceptus inside the seed is considered as the next sexual generation of institutes. set sprouting is an important phase in plants life. Successful seed germination is vital in every reproducing species in order to perpetuate itself. By definition seed germination is when the dry seeds shed from its call forth plant, takes up water and is completed when the embryonic root visibly emerges through the outer structure of the seed (seed coat) (Hasanuzzaman et., al. 2013).Bewley (1997) described that it includes different events that commence with the uptake of water by the quiescent dry seed and change with the elongation of the embryonic axis. The visible sign that germination is complete is usually the penetration of the structures surrounding the embryo by the radicle (radicle protrusion). Several authors had reported the importance of germination in the life cycle of plant.According to Hubbard et., al (2012) this brea ker point in the life cycle of the plant is considered as a critical event as germination is the first step in determining the survival rate of the crop thereby affecting its productivity. Meanwhile Donohue et., al. (2010) reported that seed germination is an important developmental phase change in the plant life cycle, which plays critical roles in seedlings establishment and consequently in environmental adaptation.The process of seed germination involves several complex processes and activation of the seeds metabolic pathways which eventually leads to the emergence of newly grown generation of plants. numerous of the specific biochemical and physiological processes which characterize germinating seeds, particularly those occurring in storage organs, ar special during this stage (Bewley and Black 1994). Knowledge of the germination process and of the seedling establishment and development, involving morphological, physiological, biochemical as well as molecular mechanisms and features is of essential importance for taxonomic, ecological and agronomic studies of certain plants.There are several different gene expression that underlies plant development, the relative specificity of these processes suggests that distinct gene sets are activated and repressed during this stage. The reaction among activation of essential enzymes, sequential release of hormones and the energy relations of the process during seed germination are very significant in understanding the appropriate establishment of plant for its adaptation.Identifying these genes and defining mechanisms involved in regulating their expression will aid in understanding the control of germination-specific mechanisms. This review will reserve an overview on the mechanism of gene expression in mainly in angiosperm plant. The different genes explicit in embryos and seedlings will also be tackled A brief description of on the hormonal changes and hormonal balance that triggers or promotes gene express ion during germination is also discussed in this paper.

Assess the Aftermath and Impact That the First Opium War Had on China

Question Assess the aftermath and impingement that the first Opium fight had on china fighte Essay The First Opium war fought amongst Britain and china from 1839-1842 was a clash between ii vastly different cultures, one and only(a) struggling to control trade rights, and the other desperate to limit the impact of opposed trade upon the local population. The struggle changed the way mainland mainland China acted towards its foreign counterparts, uncovered the weaknesses of the Chinese feudalistic system and forcefully opened-up China to the rest of the world. There were severe economic, social and political consequences that the war had on China.Prior to the war China had believed that the Chinese empire was the Heavenly Middle commonwealth and superior to tout ensemble other civilisations. China had very little contact with the West and foreigners were continually looked down upon. Despite fixed government regulations, foreign trade with the West in China grew during t he late 18th & early nineteenth century. The West became desperate in trying to balance their thirst of coveted Chinese goods for their own goods yet China showed little interest in horse opera products until 1817 when Britain sold 240 tons of opium into China and when the West prime a product which China did non have, opium.Opium smuggling developed rapidly and the trade literally produced a country filled with opium dens and drug addicts. Thus the government decided to do something about this problem and move Com electric chargeer Lin Zexu to sort things out. However it was Zexus actions that sluicetually started a war in which brought China into a demeaning defeat. The Treaty of Nanking is an official document that marks the conclusion of the First Opium war it is also considered an unequal accordance by the Chinese. China was ordered to handover Hong Kong, open up five more(prenominal) ports for trade and pay 21 million ounces of silver to Britain.Britain also received fixed tariffs, the most favoured nation status and imprisoned British nationals were not to be tried under Chinese law. This treaty caused many problems for China as no restrictions were placed on British merchants who were free trade in China, the opium trade more than doubled in the three decades. As Hong Kong was to be ceded to Britain, it gave the British a base for further military, political and economical penetrations of China. second duties were lowered from 65% to 5%, effectively traumatizing Chinas home industries.The treaty also exempted British nationals and any Chinese person who had either dealt with the British, lived with them or were employed by them, from Chinese law. This provided a refuge for Chinese criminals. No sooner had the Chinese emperor made concessions to Britain, he was faced with similar demands from US, French, Belgium, Sweden, Norway and Russian governments. Greatly weakened by war he had no choice but to grant their requests. Seeing Chinas weaknes s, the foreign powers sailed up to impose treaties similar to that of Nanking.By 1860, a massive amount of 6400 tons of opium was existence annually imported into China. westbound merchants mainly bought silk and tea from China and the export of tea from China increase to 42,000,000 kg in 1855 from only 7,500,000 kg in 1843. The export of silk rose to 56,000 bales in 1855 from a relatively small sum of 2000 bales in 1843. The tea and silk producing regions around the treaty ports expanded and benefited from the foreign trade and resulted in more and more farmers who abandoned the production of food stuffs to produce silk and tea.When Shanghai opened up to foreign trade, the occupation shift for the coolies and boatmen who would transport tea and silk throughout the regions in Canton were now unemployed since the major(ip)ity of trade moved from Canton to Shanghai. This caused a food price hike and the unemployment rise. As Canton wasnt the only port open for trade, the inland bo atmen who transported goods to Canton from other areas before the war, lost their business. The amount of European goods and opium that flooded china severely strained the frugality and provoked an economic crisis which resulted in the shortage of the Spanish silver dollar.The Spanish dollar appreciated so much that Canton abolished it and introduced the Mexican dollar. The monetary disturbances in China was enhanced by the internal monetary crises in China were the Chinese copper bills continued to devalue delinquent to poor management and insufficient supply of copper. The monetary crises devastated the Chinese financial system and caused the loss of morale. With the rush of cheaper Western machine-made products, the home textile industry in China was almost destroyed. For many centuries, clothes were made by hand so this business was heavily force by foreign trade.In order to survive, this industry had to decrease the price of their products but, because the production meth ods remained basically untouched, the represent of production was also unchanged. Therefore the lower price came at the cost of the lower of the living standards of the textile workers. The Opium War almost entirely fall ind Chinas economy. However, it also forced Chinas economy to quickly adapt and evolve. The war hie Chinas development of capitalist economy. Even before the war, a market economy was already developing in Chinas urban areas. The invasion of foreign capitalistic powers enhanced this change.However, the coming of outside influences did not result in the autonomous development of capitalism in China rather it turned China into a semi-colonial semi-feudal state. This happened because Chinese industries were exposed too soon to the outside world, being insufficiently prepared and poorly equipped to compete in supranational or even domestic markets. Western capitalism greatly changed and influenced the Chinese economy as on one hand, the opening of China damaged the basis of Chinas self-sufficient economy, the urban handicraft and agricultural homestead industries.But on the other hand, it greatly enhanced the development of Chinas urban market economy. by and by on Chinas disastrous defeat in the Opium War, the Chinese realized that they were no longer the Heavenly Middle Kingdom. Having lost at the hands of the barbarians, Chinese intellectuals recognized that in order to deal with the strangers from the West, they must watch the Westerners and the place they came from. Before the Opium War, the Chinese concept of European countries was very vague and in some cases, even ridiculous.After the Opium War, China intellectually discovered the West as Western political ideas, social structures, and in some areas, new technologies were introduced. Western ideas of parliamentary democracy and capitalism were vaguely made known and international alliances became a concept. One of the writers, Wei Yuan, first proposed that in order to fight the We st, China must learn from the West. Weis suggestion received many positive responses as it was after all that China lost to the Westerners strong ships and keen weapons.So, China for the first time established something on the equivalent of a foreign ministry which was mainly diligent with the study of Western technology, modernization of the Chinese army and the open of modern factories. The first factories opened were for the military, and specialize in the production of modern weapons and ships. The running of these factories did not depend on the profit it made, nor the demands of the market so money making was not a concern. This meant that administration techniques of managing a large mercenary enterprise were not yet developed.Even so, seeing that Western enterprises made a profit, the Chinese government began to establish commercial enterprises. Immediately after the Opium War, Western merchants had not yet fully entered the Chinese market. The Manchu government, althou gh short in profits, could button up find enough funds to start new industries. The private sector also was quite wealthy. With the collapse of the feudalistic economy and the stimulations by Western capitalism, it was willing to invest in modern enterprises. At the identical time, Western companies absorbed some Chinese capital.It could be said that shortly after the Opium War, Chinese capitalism had a good chance to develop. The Opium War exposed the weaknesses of the Chinese feudal system. The cost of the war and later the compensation all fell onto the shoulders of the farmers and civilians. The Manchu government could no longer protect, and govern its people and as Chinas economy collapsed, poverty was wide spread, and insurrection sprang up all over the country. The Manchu government showed its weaknesses when it signed the Treaty of Nanjing without victimization all possible methods of resistance.The Opium War helped to discredit the Manchu government and encouraged popular causal agencys. For many Chinese, the Treaty of Nanking was a signal that the Manchu dynasty was at its end humiliated, weak and corrupt. A republican movement ran across the political landscape, elating nearly fifteen years of civil war. Seeing the social chaos and the weakening of the Manchu dynasty, Chinese intellectuals sought-after(a) to make China strong. Unlike the government, the intellectuals believed that adapting Western technologies and industries was not enough and that China must undergo political changes as well.Chinese intellectuals began to study Western countries and at the same time, the Chinese government imported Western technologies and industries. They, like the officials, believed that the government should allow and protect the growth of capitalism and that the army must be modernized to fight Westerners on the battlefields. But most importantly, private enterprises should be formed without government interventions and companies must be created to compet e in the market place. The intellectuals also proposed a parliamentary system as a new, more democratic political system.This proposal was the first attempt of private citizens to get involved in the government. The Opium war created an entire new level of crime and disorder in Southeast China. The British navy lot away the pirates along the coast and up into the Kwangtung-Kwangsi highlands. There, the pirates would periodically raid plentiful villages up the river. To add to this, occasion militiamen used their weapons for banditry. The Opium War had led the people of China to witness the destruction of their military and navy by the strongest military force at the time.It led to a greater understanding and appreciation for West, despite their iniquity for it. This led many people to consider and try to understand Western doctrines and beliefs. Also some British missionaries, who had knowledge of China and the language, played in the embarrassment of the country to which they ha d come perceived with no target area other than to preach Christianity. Thus for the first time instances of foreign religion was seen. The Opium War was also one of the many factors that led on the famous Taiping Rebellion. Directly after the war feuds between the Punti and Hakkas clans rose.The Hakka people were Chinese that came from the north and had immigrated to southern China. They were treated as ethnic minorities by the Puntis who were the Cantonese natives. This led to competition between the two in farming and economy. In the 1850s the feuds and wars between these two clans resulted in the loss of hundreds of thousands of lives. The loathe towards the Hakkas eventually led them into following the Taiping Rebellions leader Hung Hsiu-chuan. Hung Hisu-chuan was the revolutionary leader who incorporated the Western ideals and beliefs of Christianity with classical Chinese themes.He believed himself to be the younger brother of Christ, and was sent on a mission to return Chr istianity to China. This belief was soon adopted by thousands of Hakkas alike, because of the loss of faith in the Ching dynasty partially due to the defeat in the Opium War, its social and economic effects afterwards and the silver & copper crisis. The movement to change and restore China with Christianity finally resulted in the Taiping rebellion against the Ching dynasty. The Taiping rebellion lasted from 1851 to 1864, causing the loss of millions of lives.The Ching dynastys power was questionable during this time because the rebellion lasted so many years. Finally, the Ching dynasty managed to organize an new army to revolutionise the Taipings. This new army and organizations was aided by Western countries who wanted the Ching dynasty to continue. If the Ching dynasty was overthrown it would end the unequal treaties with between China and the West. The Opium War resulted in the dramatic changes in China economically, socially and politically. It no doubt opened Chinas doors to the outside world while changing Chinas view and relationship with the Western world incredibly.The war shattered the idea that China was the Heavenly Middle Kingdom as well as recess Chinas false sense of superiority over other nations. It resulted in a major change in the economy and the social relationship between the people of China and because of the Opium War, China was left wing with internal struggles and warfare, increased crime, an economy downfall in Canton and people without work or money. The Opium War led to the major influence of the Western cultures and belief in China, and the loss of power and control China had over Western nations.The unfair treaties that were created left China in weak position to the West, and opened China to Western influence which is still observed to this date. Bibliography China, Opium Wars to Revolution by Michael Gibson. Wayland publishers, 1975 From Opium War to Liberation by Israel Epstein. unseasoned World Press, Beijing, 1956 The Chi nese Opium Wars. by Jack Beeching. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975 The Inner Opium War by James Polachek M. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1992 The Opium War Through Chinese Eyes by Arthur Waley. George Allen and Unwin Ltd. , 1958 The Treaty of Nanking, signed on the 29th of August, 1842

Computer user freedom Essay

1) Users have the freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and purify the softwargon. The freedoms to run the program as you wish, for any purpose. The freedoms to study how the program works and change it so it does your computing as you wish. Access to the source code is a precondition for this. The freedom to redistribute copies so you corporation help your neighbor. https//www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html4) A nonprofit with a worldwide mission to promote computer substance abuser freedom and to defend the rights of all free software users. Linux is an open-source operating establishment modeled on UNIX. GNU developed many of the tools, including the C compilers that are part of the Linux operating system. Linux is the name of the operating system kernel developed by Linus Torvalds, which has since been expanded and improved by thousands of people on the Internet. http//www.sobell.com/CMDREF1/answers/01.answers.even.cmdref.i.pdf Chap.2 pg.501) Installing felt hat/RH EL is the process of copying operating system registers from a CD, DVD, or USB flash drive to hard disk(s) on a system and setting up configuration file aways so Linux runs properly on the hardware. Several types of installations are possible, including fresh installations, upgrades from older releases of fedora/RHEL, and dual-boot installations. Chap.3 Pg.861) A live system gives you a chance to preview Fedora without installing it. It does not write to hard disks. 4) Put /boot at the beginning of the drive (partition 1) so that there is no issue of Linux having to boot from a partition too far into the drive. 8) When the system enters runlevel 5.http//www.sobell.com/RH4/answers/03.install.main.ans.even.RH4.pdf Chap.11 Pg.4981) When a system is in single-user mode, you can put down in only at the console. Not all of the file systems are mounted, and many daemons are not lead. With the system in multiuser mode you can log in at any terminal or workstation that is set up for log in, most or all of the file systems are mounted, and all of the daemons that your system is set up to run arerunning. 3) The letters stand for rest user. You can give yourself privileges of any user whose password you know (or any user when you are running as root). You can also execute a command (other than a shell) as the specified user. To log in as Alex, you would first log in as root, and then give the command su alex, or su alex to establish the same environment that Alex has when he logs in.7) Use Uppercase and lowercase characters, along with numbers and finicky characters, and your password should be at least 8 characters long.http//www.sobell.com/RHLINUX1/answers/Chapter_17.ans.pdf

Types of friends to have

The last thing you regard to be described as is fewone whos stuck in their own ways. If everyone had a ally from a contrasting culture, the world would be a much break place. Being in a cross-cultural friendship allows you to explore customs, values, and traditions outside of your own culture. Sometimes you might even adopt new ways to do things. Be careful dont befriend person Just because theyre from a different culture. No one likes to be a token friend.Instead, keep your mind open, and if you come across someone you click with who Just so happens to be from a different culture, make the effort to learn about their customs, values, and traditions while getting to jockey the someone on a personal level. A Wise Mentor Jesse Jackson once said, neer look down on someone unless youre helping them up. If you have someone smart, inspiring, and admirable in your feeling who practices this philosophy, youre extremely lucky. We all need a friend who inspires us to be otter peopl e without making us feel inadequate.Plus, being around such a person will challenge us to better ourselves every day. The wise mentor in your life doesnt have to be someone who shares the same demarcation or hobbies with you. Its simply someone whos a few steps ahead of you in life and has comme il faut wisdom and patience to guide you in the right direction. It prat be anyone -? a colleague, a friend whos beyond their years, or an older neighbor -? as long as you look up to this person and want to be more like them. A Loyal Best FriendSometimes a loyal lift out friend is the only thing you need to stay sane. Everyone needs a non-judgmental friend who will reinforcing stimulus them no matter what. This is the kind of friend who lets you be a hot mess and knows all of your deepest and darkest secrets, except still loves you all the same. A Work Pal Did you know that with a full-time Job, you turn over at least 50% of your waking hours at graze? Not only that, but you spend so me more time commuting to work, thinking about work, working overtime, and furthering your career on your personal time.Depressing, isnt it? Statistics head that the more isolated you are at work, the more depressed you get. Thats why it makes sense to get a work pal to chat with at the water cooler and to help you get through the week. You spend 50% of your waking hours at work, and so does your work pal. Youll find it much easier to shoot the breeze and plain about work with someone who can relate to you than eating lunch alone every day. Your work pal doesnt have to be your best friend outside of work.They Just need to be someone you click with on some level, and if you two hit it if exceptionally well, you can always start intermission out with them outside of the office. With a loyal best friend, a fearless adventurer, a brutally mediocre confidant, a wise mentor, a friend from a different culture, a polar opposite, a neighborly neighbor, and a work pal in your life, youre bound to live a long and happy A Friendly Neighbor These days, a lot of people dont know their own neighbors. Its a shame, because some neighbors can be the nicest and most helpful people ever.

Astr hw4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Astr hw4 - Essay fountWith the activities that occur in the volcano that is the first surmise, the commonwealth experienced the cooling that made the elements cool. The elements are so exposed to the atmosphere creating a combination of droplets. With the theory weewee is known to be the found on the universes surface. The theory does not fully explain the source since s stock-stillty percent of the water sources does not lineageate from the earths surface. In the second theory, water is meant to be figure outed from the comets and the earth grazing. This means that the water exists in form of the water molecules on the earths surface. At the very(prenominal) time, there is a difference between water at the sea and the one on the earths surface (Wiegandt, 2008).3. The snowball theory gives a brief discussion on the coldest part of the earth. The theory suggests that the earth is all surrounded by ice. There is evidence supporting the theory by the event that Sturtian and Ma rinoan have isotopes of carbon that is found at the sea water. There are similarly a moment of marine deposits at the bark of the oceans. The irons and oxides formed enable the anoxia to spread into the oceans. There are also proofs that do not support the theory because the deposits dont have same ages not even the age sets. The Sturtian has ripples while its thickness and characters are found at the base.4. Europa the moon has liquid that is in form of water and can primitively save living things. The liquid has got characters that will enable the human lifespan by containing molecules that are versatile. The liquid also dissolve the nutrients that are used in the digestion and waste remotion by the living creatures. Europa also has the ability to tilt the surface enabling it to have life support.5. With the origin of life, life is reported to start from the sea because of the structures like carbonate that are found at the vents of hydrothermal. With the organisation of hydro gen sulphide, hot

Business Balance Scoreboard & Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Balance Scoreboard & Paper - see Example- One point will need to swiftly form substitute stemma settings to process the best investment evaluation. This point of view indicates towards the fact that if the business is helping them develop the base line, assessing objects bid that of carrefourivity and investor cherish. The Financial objectives will then tend to reveal the economic turn outcomes of actions by now interpreted within the other viewpoints.The strategic objectives beneath this header, would have to consist of the various strategy maps that would help out the business decide over the suitable cost, provide the precise quality of products, contact sure that in that location is availability of all in all the important goods beneath each line that they are offering at all times. Additionally, the corporation will have to pay individual attention towards the research and development of these product lines unceasingly as there are several brands that are bei ng launched everyday in the market. The purpose once more here is to be able to generate a good clientele and then maintain in like manner hold on to it for longer periods. They should follow the three strategies ofImproving product performance as easy as boosting their control over the suppliers, assembling a more responsive, receptive One Point business that would competently as well as efficiently react to the exact client needs- leap power to their account managers plus their teams to let them turn into more wider business managers with a broader range of politeness to drive company value for the customer products and their clientele together. - incorporating the insight, helping the corporation develops, together internally as well as with associates to coerce a more besieged improvement. The most significant partof an effectual selling strategy here would be the facility to exploit and defend the value of the products.The cost is thelast measure of consumer value as well as the competitive advantage. One point will have to recognize the consumer as well as the segments of the marketplace where the One Point business would contend.3) The strategic objectives for Internal Operations status4) The Strategic objectives for Learning and Growth (Employee)PerspectiveHere in the one point business would have to make certain that they have considered how they will be dealing with the matters of operations administration plus the procedure which comprises of the product supply, manufacturing, and distribution beside the risk management. They will need to design their customer management process herein concentrate more on selection, acquisition, retention and growth. Designing

Faith Healing and the government should it be protected or monitored Dissertation

Faith better and the government should it be protect or monitored - Dissertation Example(1)Is refusal of medical treatment to children due to p bents religious beliefs a valid and legitimate decision? (2) Can faith heal be considered as viable medical approach? To polish off further these questions the following sub-questions are addressed Is the practice of faith healing a religious redress? Should faith healing be protected by the state? Is faith healing, as practice, be considered as child abuse and first-degree murder when parents avoid using western medicine on a treatable distemper and their child eventually dies? Is faith healing similar with placebo effect? The interrogation used qualitative research for its research methodology and employed documentary analysis, group discussion, and reflection journal for its method. Some of the findings of the research are (1) apparitional belief and faith healing are the same even if the two concepts are well connected. (2) Fait h healing is not a viable form of health care service. (3) There is enquire to clarify further the notion of religious belief, since, there is ambivalence in its understanding. This ambivalence affects Court decisions regarding agnate decisions refusing medical treatment for their child. Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 5 1.1.Background of the Study 6 1.2. look Questions 8 1.3. Objective and Aims of the enquiry 10 1.4. Significance of the Study 11 1.5.Assumptions of the Study 11 1.6. supposititious Framework 12 1.7. Definition of Terms 13 1.8.Structure of the Dissertation 15 Chapter 2 On Religious flavours and Refusal of Medical Treatments 16 2.1. Introduction 16 2.2. Religious Beliefs A Search for its Meaning 18 2.2.1. A View of Religion 19 2.2.2. On the Idea of God A Very Brief clearing 26 2.2.3. Spirituality 28 2.2.4. On Religious Beliefs An Attempt to Definition 31 2.3.1. Parental conclusion and Religious Belief Parental Control 34 2.3.2. Free Exercise Clause Pare ntal ending and Refusal for Medical Treatment 36 2.3.4. On the Other Side The State and Parens Patria 38 2.3.4.1. The Clash The British Approach 40 2.3.4.2. The Clash The American Approach 41 2.4. Some Observations 42 Summary 43 Chapter 3 On Faith meliorate 44 3.1. Introduction 44 3.2. Faith Healing A Brief History and Its Definition 46 3.2.1. Faith Healing Its Definition 48 3.3 Faith Healing and the State 50 3.4. Faith Healing and Placebo Effect 51 Summary 53 Chapter 4 question Methodology 54 4.1.Introduction 54 4.2. Research Design 54 4.3. Research Methodology 56 4.4. Research Approach 57 4.5. Method of Data Collection 57 4.6. Ethical Consideration 60 Chapter 5 Findings and Discussion 63 5.1. Introduction 63 5.2. The Findings 63 5.2.1. A Conceptual Understanding of Religious Belief 64 5.2.1.1. Religious Beliefs, Validity, and Decision-Making 65 5.2.1.2. Religious Beliefs, Decision, and Legitimacy 66 5.2. Faith Healing A Healing Alternative? 67 5.2.1. Faith Healing Alternative H ealth Care 68 5.2.2. Faith healing and Placebo 69 5.3. Discussion 70 Summary 73 Chapter 6 deduction and Recommendation 74 6.1. Conclusion 74 6.2. Recommendations 76 References 77 List of Figure Figure 1 p. 12 Figure 2 p. 25 Figure 3 p. 29 Figure 4 p. 31 Figure 5 p. 55

Magnetic Geophysical Method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Magnetic geophysical Method - Essay ExampleSteel objects buried in the earth also help in the production of the strong anomalies or magnetised fields. The magnetized field of the earth foundation be approximated in the sense that the charismatic dipole is situated slightly off the center of the earth and that the dipole is mold close to fifteen degrees to the axis of the rotation (Sherriff97). The magnetic field of the earth is believed to be developed by a dynamo that is driven by convection currents in the molten core of the earth. Instrumentation Magnetometers atomic number 18 the instruments which are employ in this method to take measurements of the magnetic field of the earth. The field of specialty or the intensity of the magnetic field of the earth is actually what is measured by the magnetic geophysical method, and it is measured in harm of Tesla (T). There are various types of magnetometers used in this method. The magnetometer used usually reflects the physical ac t whereby the magnetic field of the earth is measured. These types of magnetometers used are highly accurate and reliable in the field. They can be able to measure the local magnetic field of the earth to a high precision degree. ... If there is no external magnetic field on the earth, there leave behind be a cancellation of the primary coils. If there is the presence of the external magnetic field, one of the primary coils in the instrument will tend to saturate before the other primary coil. This then leads to the creation of an imbalance in the magnetic field that is to be detected through the induction of EM in the secondary coil (Mishra40). The proton priority instrument that is used by environmentalists and engineers is characterized by a sensor that has a fluid similar to kerosene that is hydrogen rich. For the instrument to be successful in the magnetic geophysical method, a strong magnetic field is created by an inductor to the fluid which leads to the alignment of the protons. After the suspension of the inducted current, the rate of relaxation is save as the protons tend to return to the ambient magnetic conditions. The magnetic field of the earth is directly proportionate to the relaxation rate (Mishra45). A variation on the proton precession magnetometer can be presented by an overhauser magnetometer by the use of the magnetic fields from the radio relative frequency to produce the polarizing signal. By this, the results apt(p) by the proton precession magnetometer is improved because the procession signal is not interfered with by the radio frequency used. The gradiometer magnetometer tends to measure the gradient of the magnetic field of the earth rather than measuring the total strength of the field. Though the magnetic gradient anomalies are not highly useful to geological operations, they are reformatory in the provision of a better definition of shallow features that are buried for example drums and tanks. The gradiometer magnetomet ers are useful in areas

Return to haifa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Return to haifa - Essay ExampleThe, fleeing home of Said and Safeyya in Haifa during the 1948 Nakba can be equalled to the detaining of Nelson Mandela in 1962. However, 20 years later, Said and Safeyya returned home only to find out that a Jewish family had actually adopted their son who entered Haifa (Suganda web). Likewise, for Nelson Mandela, he found out that many things had changed in his mother inelegant South Africa when he was released from prison. Indeed, Mandela had to take time to adapt to his own country, which he had missed after many years in storage area. Whereas Said and Safeyya find their home engaged by Miriam, Mandela found that the whites had indeed occupied the good parts of his country. The theme of regaining political identity after many years of detention for many political leaders shares the same story line with Return to Haifa. Although Mandela has been provided as an example, many political detainees all over the world experienced the same

Information Technology Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Information Technology - Article ExampleI request you to provide me with a exploiter account or extend my user account for using some portion of the administrative controls which are required for the usage of internet, configuration of IP address, connecting to internet and access to Microsoft outlook. In specific I pauperization to have access of all the options in the control panel. So kindly assist me.I am responsible for conducting training on communication through email and computer for our employees. The training theatrical role does need extra user privilege than that of the normal user. I request you to provide me with a user account or extend my user account for using some portion of the administrative controls which are required for the usage of internet, configuration of IP address, connecting to internet and access to Microsoft outlook. In specific I need to have access of all the options in the control panel. So kindly assist me.

Poicy paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Poicy - Research Paper ExampleLike alcohol, the exclusion that took place in the early mid-twenties was meant to get rid of various types of substances which were in the society. The prohibition did not seem to work and it has failed in the hold out few courses. The failures associated with this prohibition have been near noticeable, due to the f lick that today so many lives argon being wasted and not to mention opportunities. It is now obvious that when it comes to determining what works well for pack seems to be less straightforward. However, there argon excellent examples from most states in the world indicating that there are more opportunities that can be apply for improving policy implementation. History of Drug Policy Drugs in the US started surfacing in the 1800s (Higate, Hughes, and Lart, 2006). Opium became widely known after the Civil War. The next medicine to become popular was,cocaine in the late 1800s. Coca an element in cocaine was mostly used as an ingredient in health remedies. The discovery of Morphine came a while later, in the year 1906 and was solely used as a medicinal component (Menzel, 2000). In the early 1900s, there was a heightened knowledge that the psychotropic do drugss had a great potential of causing addiction. Towards the end of 19th century, the abuse of cocaine and opium had reached worrying proportions. The Local governments actively began the prohibition of opium importation and dens. In 1906, the food and drug act was enacted. The act required that all doctors should accurately and clearly label medicines that they used. Drugs were now seen as a threat and no longer the remedies for illness. In 1914, the Harrison Narcotics act was enacted. This was Americas first Policy on drugs. It staunchly restricted the production and bargain of a number of controlled substances. Under this act, doctors had the ability to administer to patients and the drugs acquired by drug addicts were secured through registered doctors (Lowi nson, 2005). At the time, drug addiction was perceived as a medical problem and not an illegal activity. However in 1919, Americas Supreme Court made a harsh ruling against the treatment of drug addicts as a legal form of treatment. This drug policy mainly targeted physicians. In 1930, Harry J. Anslinger was chosen to head the federal official Bureau of Narcotics which had been created by the Treasury Department. He was the head of this agency until 1962. During his time in power, drugs were highly criminalized. In 1951, the Boggs Act was enacted. Under this act, penalties for the use of Marijuana were drastically increased. In 1956, the Narcotics Control Act was created. This is believed to be the most punitive anti-narcotics law ever enacted. Propaganda was widely used as a preventative measure by the Federal Bureau of Narcotics. The bureau created horror stories relating to drugs and drug use. Marijuana for instance was said to bring active and fueled sex crimes. In 1966, due to an alarming increase drug use and abuse, the Narcotics Addict renewal Act was enacted, by Johnsons Administration. This act listed narcotic addiction as a form of mental illness. This particular act however, had no major impact on fighting drug usage

Evaluate the different testing processes Assignment

Evaluate the different testing processes - Assignment role modelIn addition, the vender offers a solution called SAP Business by Design that caters for organizations that do not have Information Technology (IT) resources (Shelly & Rosenblatt, 2011). On the other hand, SAP is effective softw ar that addresses strategic disdain needs that are capable of propelling an organization into the next level. For instance, the website offers SAP HANA Services that offer planning, innovation, and carrying into action of business strategic plans. The follow has introduced E-book that offers organizations with best ERP strategies. Moreover, SAP offer advanced technologies such as analytics, overcloud technology, in-memory computing and e-mobile service that are fast and cost efficient (Services & Support for SAP Business charge Software, 2013). Oracle Oracle ERP cloud services form an integrated back office solutions that keep organizations competitive. Organizations that enforce Oracle enj oy an efficient, collaborative, and effective ERP Cloud Services. Oracle offers three main services. Firstly, it provides a global opening move solution in all organizational departments. Global enterprise solutions from Oracle include project management, procurement, and full-featured monetary accounting. Moreover, the Oracle ERP Cloud Services are compatible to more or less ERP strategies and provides standardized global business processes. These services offer consistency across all locations globally. Secondly, Oracle not only accesses information about a company but also takes the needed action in implementing solutions geared towards improving the IT services of a company. Oracle solutions offer businesses informed and data-driven strategies. Finally, Oracle addresses peoples activities in a company in all views and provides the output of each person. Oracle is the only ERP service that provides advanced cloud services providing the most current advanced strategies that any entrepreneur can trust (Oracle ERP Cloud Service, 2013). Review at to the lowest degree two other vendors that offer ERP solutions Apart from SAP and Oracle, there are other vendors offering ERP services. These are Infor and Microsoft dynamics. Infor Infor ERP solution creates a functional and flexible strategy helps industries adapt new manufacturing trends and changes in technology. Info provides a better option for an entrepreneur with a desire to expand business operations globally. In addition, this vendor offers reliable and less costly IT costs to improve business strategies in order for an investor to get a return on investment. Infor software has also penetrated the ERP product portfolio by creating a consistence and effective relationship between industries functionality and integration of modern IT services. Infor offers annual maintenance practices through cloud ERP systems. In general, Infor assists an organization in implementing ERP strategies through responding to changes, expanding businesses as they grow, minimizing IT costs and risks, optimization of a companys operations and resources, and improving the company bottom line. With the current challenging business environments, Infor has devised means of sustaining an organization for effective process improvements (Ponis, Tatsiopoulos, Tsitsiriggos & Christou, 2007). Microsoft impulsives Microsoft Dynamic is an ERP solution based software that creates designs for modern businesses through empowering individuals to act at their